可操作的地震预测(OEF)国际研究动态综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕金孟  蒋长胜 《中国地震》2017,33(1):1-13

对目前国际上正持续开展的"可操作的地震预测"的研究动态,从主要关注的领域、"概率增益"概念的引入、混合模型研发及其在地震减灾中的应用等方面进行了重点介绍。由于OEF是在全球"地震可预测性合作研究"计划基础上逐步发展起来,具有重要的地震预测模型研发的技术基础以及解决地震减灾决策实际问题的实践基础,因此,相关研究动态和技术思路对我国的地震预测预报工作具有重要的启发和借鉴意义。  相似文献   

地震应急装备信息管理系统的设计与实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏建锋  薄万举 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(2):383-391

本文针对目前地震应急装备管理过程中存在的工作方法和技术手段相对落后、装备处置时效性差和维护成本大等问题，进行了基于C/S模式的地震应急装备信息管理系统架构，以地震应急装备库装备信息为数据基础，设计了查询装备库存、装备入库、出库、盘点、预警及统计管理等系统核心功能模块，并在此基础上应用PowerScript语言进行开发，用MySQL作为底层数据库实现了系统的各个功能模块。经测试应用表明，该系统不仅实现了应急装备的高效、智能化、科学化的管理，也保证了装备资源的安全性和使用时的高效性，使地震应急时装备分配效率得到很大提升，对于提高地震应急装备保障效率及推进相关的信息化建设有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

四川地震应急准备与处置要点分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

范开红  周志华  陈维锋 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(4):956-965

本文结合四川省域内的地震活动、自然地理环境、社会经济条件3方面因素把四川省划分为东部盆地及盆缘地区、西部高山高原和川西南山地3个地震应急分区，分析各区域地震应急准备与处置的主要背景要素，总结并给出了四川各区域地震应急准备与处置要点。依据各区域地震应急准备与处置要点开展地震应急准备与处置相关工作，可使其具有针对性，有利于增强四川地区应对地震灾害的能力。  相似文献   

Humanitarian assistance to refugees in rural Ghana: Implications for refugee–host relations     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(2):75-82

In the face of protracted refugee situations worldwide, peaceful co-existence with host populations is necessary to ensure a meaningful life for refugees. Refugees need assistance to survive, especially in the emergency phase of their arrival in host communities. However, establishing refugee camps in predominantly rural communities with poor living conditions questions the type of assistance that should be offered in order to avoid resentment from rural hosts. The article explores the implications of humanitarian assistance to refugees in Krisan Refugee Camp in Ghana for refugee–host relations. Where assistance to refugees is perceived to be above average living conditions in the host communities, there is likely to be resentment among hosts. This may create antagonism between refugees and hosts, thereby jeopardising peaceful co-existence. It is concluded that assistance should also take the needs of local populations into consideration in order to create a congenial atmosphere for co-existence.  相似文献   

Leveraging farmers’ strategies for coping with stress: Seed aid in Ethiopia     

Shawn J. McGuire  Louise Sperling 《Global Environmental Change》2008,18(4):679

Interventions to reduce farmers’ vulnerability to crises rarely build on existing coping strategies. Emergency seed aid offers a unique opportunity to examine links between different types of interventions and local coping mechanisms, as such relief has been abundant and long-term. This study focuses on farmers’ use and assessment of crisis assistance within Ethiopia, where seed aid delivery dates back at least 34 years. Farmers’ abilities to strategize and negotiate inter-/intra-seasonal variability are not being addressed by current supply-driven approaches. Lessons derived from seed aid give insights toward more effective practice for programs aiming to bolster farmers’ resilience in high-stress and uncertain contexts.  相似文献   

Accidental spills at sea - Risk, impact, mitigation and the need for co-ordinated post-incident monitoring     

Mark F. Kirby  Robin J. Law 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(6):797-9297

A fully integrated and effective response to an oil or chemical spill at sea must include a well planned and executed post-incident assessment of environmental contamination and damage. While salvage, rescue and clean-up operations are generally well considered, including reviews and exercises, the expertise, resources, networks and logistical planning required to achieve prompt and effective post-spill impact assessment and monitoring are not generally well established.The arrangement and co-ordination of post-incident monitoring and impact assessment need to consider sampling design, biological effects, chemical analysis and collection/interpretation of expert local knowledge. This paper discusses the risks, impacts and mitigation options associated with accidental spills and considers the importance of pre-considered impact assessment and monitoring programmes in the wider response cycle. The PREMIAM (Pollution Response in Emergencies: Marine Impact Assessment and Monitoring; www.premiam.org) project is considered as an example of an improved approach to the planning, co-ordination and conduct of post-incident monitoring.  相似文献   

英语教学网站辅助大学英语教学的实践与反思     

李林森  王娟 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(5):654-657

详细探讨了英语教学网站在大学英语教学中的辅助作用.并在自主学习模式这一教学理念的指导下,介绍了英语教学网站的实现过程和管理使用方式,同时论证了在大学英语教学中应用教学网站所具有的独特优势以及注意事项.  相似文献   

WQS网络通信系统应急备用系统的设计思路     

博希德  潘宗文  范宏飞 《成都信息工程学院学报》1995,(3)

从气象通信实时业务角度出发，根据目前业务环境状况，充分利用现有微机设备，提出了一种投入少、见效快、便于维护管理的ＷＱＳ网络通信系统的应急备用系统设计思路。从技术路线建设的可行性及方法上，对该设计思路作了比较详细、具体的阐述。  相似文献   

Who determines transformational change in development and climate finance?     

Harald Winkler  Navroz K. Dubash 《Climate Policy》2016,16(6):783-791

The language of transformational change is increasingly applied to climate policy, and particularly in climate finance. Transformational change in this context is used with respect to low-carbon development futures, with the emphasis on mitigation and GHG metrics. But, for many developing countries, climate policy is embedded in a larger context of sustainable development objectives, defined through a national process. Viewed thus, there is a potential tension between mitigation-focused transformation and nationally driven sustainable development. We explore this tension in the context of operationalizing the Green Climate Fund (GCF), which has to deal with the fundamental tension between country ownership and transformational change. In relation to climate finance, acceptance of diverse interpretations of transformation are essential conditions for avoiding risk of transformational change becoming a conditionality on development. We further draw lessons from climate governance and the development aid literature. The article examines how in the case of both the Clean Development Mechanism and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, there has been limited success in achieving both development objectives and ‘nationally appropriate’ mitigation. The development aid literature points to process-based approaches as a possible alternative, but there are limitations to this approach.

Policy relevance

The concept of transformational change has gained prominence in climate finance. The conundrum facing the GCF is that it seeks to support transformational change in the climate realm, in a context where countries may have competing priorities. Balancing or even transcending this tension is a fundamental design challenge for the GCF. A primary focus on mitigation, particularly if metrics of performance are tied exclusively to GHG reduction, raise concerns about diluting ownership by recipient countries and evokes concerns of conditionality or worse. The literature on development assistance has explored options notably conditions on process and adequate capacity, and suggests that there are no short cuts to building domestic ownership. Actors on climate change need to avoid the risk that transformational change is perceived as, and becomes, an imposed condition. The risk that transformation change, operationalized in the context of unequal power relations, becomes an imposition on development, needs to be avoided.  相似文献   

Natural gas and climate finance     

Vanesa Castán Broto 《Climate Policy》2018,18(2):170-183

Should energy projects to extend the use of natural gas be considered for funding under public climate finance commitments? This article provides an overview of evidence for and against climate finance for natural gas projects. The argument focuses on a case study, the UK’s International Climate Fund (ICF). This synthesis concludes that gas-related projects will rarely be eligible for funding under public climate finance, save a few exceptions in which they provide energy access to households directly. Although gas power plants have generally lower emissions than those which use other fossil fuels such as coal, their impact will depend on the material constraints to calculate emissions reductions, the context of implementation, and the political economy of the target country. Three case studies demonstrate that energy access projects need to be understood as providing a whole range of sustainable benefits, from improving local health to reducing emissions. Overall, gas-related projects are complex interventions that require context-specific knowledge of both the effects of technology and the possible business models that can work in context.

POLICY RELEVANCE

This article investigates whether projects related to natural gas constitute an appropriate use of public climate finance, with a particular focus on the UK’s International Climate Fund. Policy makers in developed countries will decide in the coming years how to use public climate finance; that is, the fraction of overseas development assistance (ODA) for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In the UK, for example, the ICF is the most important instrument to provide climate finance for developing countries. In 2013, the UK set out a clear position ‘to end support for public financing of new coal-fired power plants overseas, except in rare circumstances.’ This ban has fostered debate about whether similar positions should follow for other fossil fuels such as natural gas, specifically in the context of ICF funding. Similar debates are taking place in other countries such as Germany and Norway, and are informing the implementation of international facilities such as the Green Climate Fund.  相似文献